СУЛЬФОНАТНЫЕ ПРИСАДКИ К МОТОРНЫМ МАСЛАМ
DOI: 10.32758/2782-3040-2024-0-4-20-24
УДК 665.7.038.2.665.765
Mammadova P.Sh., Salmanova К.А., Valiyeva S.М., Gulaliyev I.D., Sadirzadeh I.А., (Institute of Chemistry of Additives of Ministry of Science and Education of Azerbajan , Baku)
Keywords: petroleum oil, alkyldiphenyl, semi-synthetic sulfonates, detergent-dispersant additives, motor oils, functional properties.
Abstract. In the article, in order to expand the range and increase the efficiency of sulfonate-type detergent-dispersant additives, the possibility of their production based on semi-synthetic raw materials — a mixture of M-8 petroleum oil and alkyl biphenyl obtained using ethylene oligomers — was investigated. It has been shown that when sulfonating mixed raw materials, the yield of oil-soluble sulfonic acids is 86-90%, the content of difficult-to-dispose waste — acid tar — is lower than when sulfonating petroleum oil by 30-35%. The influence of the ratio of ingredients in the initial mixture on the performance of neutral sulfonate was studied and the conditions for obtaining additives of the required quality were found.
The properties of the developed additives in M-11 oil at a concentration of 5% were studied using standard methods. The composition and structure of sulfonates were studied by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The resulting additives have a micellar structure. The results of laboratory tests showed that neutral, medium and high alkaline semi-synthetic calcium sulfonates have high physicochemical and functional properties. The neutral sulfonate is superior in yield, active substance content, and dispersing properties to the experimental petroleum sulfonate НСК and the additive OLOA 246B. Medium- and high-alkaline additives in terms of physicochemical and detergent properties are at the level of commercial petroleum sulfonates С-150, С-300 and the Hightech 6060M additive, and surpass them in dispersing, anti-corrosion properties and stability against oxidation. Alkaline semi-synthetic calcium sulfonates have a high stability of colloidal dispersion to the action of water and have better performance compared to analogues. With increasing alkalinity of the resulting additives, the physicochemical and functional properties improve, which is associated with the peculiarities of their colloidal structure.
Using developed neutral and highly alkaline additives as detergent and dispersant components, experimental motor oils М-10DM and М-10G2, were prepared, which meet the quality requirements.
The high efficiency of semi-synthetic sulfonates allows their use in modern motor oils.